Arjun (Terminalia arjuna)

Dan shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) is a hardy perennial sage with purple flower clusters, growing up to 32 in (80 cm).

Fenugreek is much used in herbal medicine in North Africa, the Middle East, and India. Its seeds have been used to increase breast-milk production; NCCIH says studies of this use have had mixed results. Fenugreek is also thought to be antidiabetic, although NCCIH says there is not enough high-quality evidence to know whether it helps diabetes.

Fo ti (Polygonum multiflorum), also known as he shou wu, is a perennial vine used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a bulbous perennial in the onion family, recognized for its sharp flavor and characteristic odor. It is widely used in cooking, and crushed fresh garlic contains allicin. NCCIH says garlic supplements may lower cholesterol, blood pressure and blood sugar to a small extent, but very little research has tested claims that they boost immunity.

Guggul is a spiny shrub or tree growing to 6.5 feet with oval, serrated leaves, brownish-red flowers, and red fruits. The gum resin obtained from the bark forms pale yellow to brown 'tears' on the stems. Thriving in dry, semi-arid, and desert environments across much of the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East, it has been valued in Ayurvedic medicine for millennia. Guggul has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries, and it has been studied for raised blood cholesterol; MSK says evidence is lacking for weight loss, studies on cholesterol are mixed, and one study suggests it may raise cholesterol.

Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) is a deciduous, thorny tree reaching up to about 26 ft (8 m), adorned with small lobed leaves, clusters of white blossoms, and bright red berries. Hawthorn has a long history in European medicine as a heart tonic and was traditionally used for heart disease, digestion and blood circulation. NCCIH says there is little or no quality evidence on hawthorn for most conditions, and conflicting evidence in heart failure.

Psyllium, also known as flea seed due to its small brown appearance, is produced by several Plantago species. It has long been used as a laxative, and MedlinePlus lists it as a bulk-forming laxative used to treat constipation. The seeds and husks have a bland taste and develop a jellylike consistency when moistened due to their high mucilage content. The plants are extensively cultivated, especially in India, and propagated from seed in spring. Seeds are harvested when ripe in late summer and early autumn.

Visnaga (Ammi visnaga) is an erect annual growing up to about 3 ft (1 m) in height, with finely divided, feathery leaves and umbels of tiny white flowers. Its seeds contain the compounds khellin and visnagin.