Caraway (Carum carvi)

Catnip is a downy, aromatic perennial growing to 3 feet with heart-shaped, gray-green leaves and whorls of white flowers marked with purple spots. Native to Europe and naturalized in North America, it grows in dry wayside places and mountainous regions up to altitudes of 5,000 feet. The plant is gathered when in flower during summer and autumn. Catnip has an excitatory effect on cats.

Dill is an aromatic annual growing to 30 inches with an erect hollow stem, feathery leaves, and numerous yellow flowers in umbels. Its very lightweight, pungent fruit (seeds) are harvested in late summer. Native to southern Europe and central and southern Asia, dill grows wild in open areas and is widely cultivated - notably in England, Germany, and North America. The leaves are picked as a culinary herb. Dill was commonly used as a charm against witchcraft in the Middle Ages, when it was burned to clear thunderclouds. Its name comes from the Norse 'dylla,' meaning 'to soothe.'

Oregano (Origanum vulgare) is an upright perennial up to around 32 in (80 cm), bearing square red stems, elliptical leaves, and clusters of deep pink flowers. Strongly aromatic, oregano is a widely used culinary herb.

Peppermint (Mentha × piperita) is a fast-growing, square-stemmed herb (commonly about 32 in / 80 cm tall), with lanceolate, serrated leaves and purplish flowers. A natural hybrid of watermint and spearmint, peppermint is renowned for its cooling, aromatic flavor, and mint plants have been used for digestive disorders since ancient Greece, Rome and Egypt. NCCIH says a small amount of research suggests enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules may improve IBS symptoms in adults, but there is not enough evidence to know whether peppermint leaf helps any condition.

Common plantain (Plantago major) is a low-growing perennial reaching up to about 10 in (25 cm), forming a rosette of broad, ribbed leaves and spikes of tiny green flowers. Often regarded as a garden weed, plantain has leaves rich in iridoids, flavonoids, mucilage and tannins.

Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) is a thick-rhizomed perennial, growing up to 10 ft (3 m) tall, with large, palmate leaves and small flowers. It has been used in Chinese medicine for over 2,000 years.

Triphala is not a single herb but a traditional Ayurvedic blend of three fruits: haritaki (Terminalia chebula), bibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica), and amalaki or Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis). Haritaki is described in Ayurveda as having five flavors (bitter, sour, astringent, salty, and sweet). Bibhitaki is described as pungent and warming. Amalaki is also described as having five flavors (sour, astringent, sweet, pungent, and bitter) and contains small amounts of anthraquinones.

Horehound (Marrubium vulgare) is a square-stemmed perennial of about 20 in (50 cm) height, featuring fuzzy, downy greenish-gray leaves and small, white, double-lipped flowers. It is known for its aromatic bitterness.